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PillBill has Authored 291 Questions  | A. Henry Fonda B. Rupert Murdoch C. Ted Turner D. Bob Hope Robert Edward |
| A. Nikita Khrushchev B. Joseph Stalin C. Vyacheslav Molotov D. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. He created this title after consolidating power. |
| A. 4% B. 75% C. 300% D. 400% Volume of 4 cm cube = 64 cc. When it is cut into 1 cm cube, the volume of each of the cubes = 1cc Hence, there will be 64 such cubes. Surface area of small cubes = 6 (12) = 6 sq cm. Therefore, the surface area of 64 such cubes = 64 * 6 = 384 sq cm. The surface area of the large cube = 6(42) = 6*16 = 96. % increase = (384 - 96)/96 = 300% |
| A. x² + y² = 25 B. (x-1)² + (y+3)² = 25 C. (x-1)² + (y-3)² = 25 D. (x+1)² + (y - 3)² = 25 The formula is (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
Be careful. The center coordinates are always subtracted from x and y. When you subtract a -3 it becomes a +3. |
| A. 1000 B. 1040 C. 1600 D. 1800 Total for 5 planes: 1200 x 5 = 6000
Total for 3 planes: 800 x 3 = 2400
6000 - 2400 = 3600 left as total for two planes
3600/2 = 1800 |
| A. x = 4 B. x = - 4 C. y = 6 D. y = -6 You know a point and the slope. The point-slope method of writing the equation of a line can be used. The equation is y-y1 = m(x-x1) where m is the slope and (x1,y1) is a point on the line. Substitution gives: y-6=0(x-4). This yields: y-6=0. And finally we get: y=6. |
| A. 80 B. 82 C. 87 D. 92 This problem appears to have to many options. When you encounter similar problems, focus on the equation and find the largest multiplier….in this case the 5. It becomes your "determiner" in that it will open the doors with limitations it imposes. Here x can only be 1,2,3,4,5,or 6 because 5x7 = 35. Just quickly work through your options.
5(1) + 27 = 32
5(2) + 22 = 32
5(3) + 17 = 32
5(4) + 12 = 32
5(5) + 7 = 32
5(6) + 2 = 32
27 + 22 + 17 + 12 + 7 + 2 = 87 |
| A. 30 P
B. 40P
C. 50 P
D. 60P
1.5 feet represent the radius. The circumference is 2Pr. So we get the circumference, multiply it by the number of revolutions per minute, multiply that product by 60 to get the hourly product, and divide this product (total number of feet) by 5,280 (the number of feet in a mile).
1,760 x 60 = 105,600 revolutions/hr
2(1.5)P = 3P (the circumference)
105,600 x 3P = 316,800P
316,800P/5280 = 60P. |
| A. 0.133 B. 0.2 C. 0.25 D. 0.5 We want to determine the probability of drawing a certain type of sock. With probability, the key is to break it into its components and then put the proper ratios together.
socks = 2 gloves
socks: red = 4 yellow
probability of drawing sock: 2/3
probability of drawing yellow sock: 1/5
probability of yellow(1/5) sock(2/3):
1/5 x 2/3 = 2/15 = .133 |
| A. x + y B. x • y C. x/y D. x - y Consider an example. Let x=3 and y=5.
3 + 5 = 8 (not odd)
3 • 5 = 15 (odd)
3/5 = 0.6 (not odd, not integer)
3 - 5 = -2
Multiplication is the only operation which will yield another odd integer. |
| A. 3 B. 3/2 C. -3/2 D. 2 Rewrite in y=mx+b form: 3x + 2y = 12
y=(-3/2)x+6 slope is the value in front of x. |
| A. 1/3 ÷ 1/4
B. 1/4 ÷ 1/3
C. 1 - (1/3 + 1/4)
D. 1 + (1/3 + 1/4)
This part and whole problem opens up when you get the numbers out of the words.
1 day - (1/3 +1/4) |
| A. -1/5 B. -1 C. -5 D. 11/5 Slope is the change in the y coordinates over the change in the x coordinates. (5-6)/(3-(-2)) = (-1)/5 |
| A. -3/2 B. 3/2 C. 2/3 D. 1/3 6x = 2x - 6
Subtract 2x from each side.
4x = -6
Divide each side by 4.
x = -6/4 = -3/2 |
| A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 The longest side in a 30-60-90 triangle is 2. The hypotenuse does count as a side, it is just not a leg. And the hypotenuse is always the longest side in a right triangle. |
| A. 30 B. 63 C. 210 D. 300 Remember when you see word equations to get the numbers out of the words. We substitute and distribute.
x = .3x + 210
.7x = 210
x = 300 |
| A. -17/6 B. 17/6 C. 3/34 D. 6/17 Now, 12 - 27z = 7z or 12 = 27z + 7z = 34z. Thus, z = 12/34 = 6/17. |
| A. Distributive property. B. Associative property of addition. C. Associative property of multiplication. D. Commutative property of multiplication. The (x+5) is being multiplied by each element inside of the parentheses (7+x). This is the distributive property. |
| A. 16 B. 32 C. 38 D. 60 ? lbs/5 oz = 1 lb/16 oz
Solving for the question mark gives 0.313. Multiply times 120 and you get 37.5. Round to 38 for the number of pounds needed. |
| A. -21/5 B. -5/23 C. -23/5 D. -24/5 (2x/3) + 2 = (x/4)
Find a common denominator and convert 2 to fraction form.
(8x/12) + (24/12) = (3x/12)
Multiply each side by 12.
8x +24 = 3x
Subtract 8x from each side.
24 = -5x
Divide each side by -5.
x = -24/5 |
| A. 2 B. 7 C. 10 D. 12 Collecting terms in x on the left
4x + 6x = 17 + 3;
10x = 20
x=2 |
| A. measurement of angle A is less than measurement of angle B B. measurement of angle A + measurement of angle B = 90 C. measurement angle A + measurement angle B = 180 D. measurement of angle A is greater than measurement angle B It is given that the complement of angle A (90-angle A) is greater than the supplement of angle B (180 - angle B). Hence 90- angle A is greater than 180 - angle B. (Or angle B= angle A + 90). |
| A. 4/51 B. 4/52 C. 4/256 D. 4/663 Here are 4 7's and 4 kings. 4P1•4P1
From a deck of 52 cards you want 2 cards. 52P2
Answer: 4/52•4/51 = 16/2652 = 4/663 |
| A. (9,18) B. (7,9) C. (3.25,4.5) D. (2.5,1.5) Use the midpoint formula and solve for the missing value:(x,y)=((x1+x2)/2,(y1+y2)/2)
(4.5,6)=((2+x2)/2,(3+y2)/2)
4.5=(2+x2)/2 and 9=2+x2 and 7=x2
6=(3+y2)/2 and 12=3+y2 and 9=y2 |
| A. Pi. B. Square root of 2. C. Square root of 64. D. None of the above. A rational number can be expressed as a fraction. The square root of 64 is equal to 8, which can be expressed as 8/1. |
| A. -4 B. -3 C. 3 D. 4 To determine the roots, set each of the factors = 0. This will give (x+4)=0 and (x-3)=0. Now, solve each equation for x and you will get x = -4 and x = 3. The larger root is 3. |
| A. None B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 A Tangent only touches one point on a circle. |
| A. (3,5) B. (-3,5) C. (-3,-5) D. (3,-5) Be careful! The (x+3) really shows a center coordinate of negative 3. |
| A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax^2 + bx +c. Which gives us 3 terms to work with. |
| A. (p - 1)/5
B. (p - 1)/15
C. (p - 2)/15
D. (p + 1)/15
p = q + 1/2 = 3r + 1 = 3(5s + 1/3) + 1. So, p = 15s + 2 or s = (p - 2)/15. |
| A. 19 B. 39 C. 57 D. 59 The arithmetic mean of n numbers is their sum divided by n.
So, (9 + 29 + y) / 3 = 19 or 38 + y = 19 x 3 = 57. Thus, y = 57 - 38 = 19. |
| A. 2.5 B. 3.5 C. 3.6 D. 4.5 0.7x + 2(x-3)=0.2x + 3
0.7x + 2x - 6 = 0.2x +3
2.7x - 6 = 0.2x + 3
2.5x - 6 = 3
2.5x = 9
x=3.6 |
| A. 7x²-10y+10 B. x²-10y-2 C. x²+4y-2 D. -x²-4y+2 Line up the two expressions with 4x²-3y+4 on the top. Be sure to remember to change the signs when subtracting. |
| A. 48.65 g B. 200 g C. 450 g D. 555 g Represent this problem with the equation 37x + 3x = 600. Combining terms gives 40x = 600. Solving for x shows that x = 15. Now, the amount of silver is represented by 37x, so substitution is necessary 37(15)=555. |
| A. 80 B. 84 C. 92 D. 99 Choose 100 for the number of items in the store. Then, 90 x 100 = 9000 65 x 10 = 650 85 x 40 = 3400 Average = (9000-650-3400)/(100-10-40) = 99 |
| A. 19 B. 39 C. 47 D. 57 The arithmetic mean of n numbers is their sum divided by n.
So, (9 + 29 + y) / 3 = 19 or 38 + y = 19 x 3 = 57. Thus, y = 57 - 38 = 19. |
| A. {-1,1} B. {9} C. {-9,9} D. {81} Factor the difference of squares.
(y-9)(y+9)=0
y-9=0 and y=9
y+9=0 and y=-9 |
| A. 57 B. 60 C. 72 D. 81 This problem requires you to break apart possible combinations. First look at the times from 1:00 to 9:00. In these timeframes you have nine hours with six combinations ( 1:01, 1:11, 1;21, 1:31, etc.) possible each hour, hence 54 combinations. You also have 10:01, 11:11, and 12:21 combinations. |
| A. 60, 60, 60 B. 30, 60, 90 C. 60, 120, 120 D. 60, 120, 150 By the properties of a parallelogram we know that the opposite angles are equal and the consecutive angles are supplementary. |
| A. 22% B. 0.022% C. 0.22% D. 2.2% .055 x .04 = .0022 = 0.22% |
| A. < 6 B. < 8 C. < 3 D. > -3 Collect terms in C on the left:
3C - 8C < -3 + 18
or
-5C < 15 and -C < 3.
Multiply by -1 and reverse the equality to get:
C > -3 |
| A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 (x/2) = (x/4) + (1/2)
Find a common denominator.
(2x/4) = (x/4) + (2/4)
Multiply each side by 4.
2x = x + 2
Subtract x from each side.
x = 2 |
| A. 9 B. 12 C. 16 D. 30 Use the formula for distance: Distance = Rate × Time.
Jones runs 12 miles at 8 miles per hour, which means that he runs for 1.5 hours. Brown runs the same 12 miles at 6 miles per hour, which means that he runs for 2 hours. Brown takes half an hour longer to complete the race. Half an hour is 30 minutes. |
| A. ab + c = d B. ab + ac = d C. a(b + c) > 0 D. ab < d This problem utilizes the distributive property. a(b+c)=d becomes ab+ac=d. The a is multiplied times each of the elements inside of the parentheses. |
| A. 43% B. 57% C. 67% D. 83% Percent of false questions = (3/7) x 100 = 42.86.
So, about 43% of the questions are false.
Alternatively, one could reason out without any calculations as follows.
For every 4 true questions, there are 3 false questions. So, there are fewer false questions than true ones, i.e., less than 50% of the questions are false. The only option is 43%. |
| A. 0 B. 1 C. -1 D. undefined. A horizontal line has "run" but no "rise". Thus rise/run becomes 0/run which is zero. |
| A. 1/2 B. 1/3 C. 2/3 D. 5/6 Numbers greater than 2 are 3,4,5 and 6.
Numbers that are even are 2,4 and 6.
Numbers in both are 4 and 6. There are 2 values out of 6.
2/6=1/3 |
| A. (0,5) B. (0,-5) C. (0,3) D. (0,-3) Put the equation in y=mx+b form and read the value for b.
y=3x+5 and b=5. The y-intercept is at 5. The coordinates are (0,5). |
| A. -5 B. -2.5 C. 2 D. 5 Collecting terms in Y on the left, 5 y2 - 10 Y = 0. Factoring, 5Y(Y-2) = 0. Therefore, y = 0 and y =2 |
| A. 235 B. 239 C. 243 D. 245 Let the smallest of the four consecutive odd integers be m. Then, m + (m + 2) + (m + 4) + (m + 6) = 968 or 4m + 12 = 968.
Thus, m = 956 / 4 = 239.
The four consecutive odd integers are 239, 241, 243 and 245. |
| A. 18 B. 36 C. 54 D. 72 Supplementary angles add to 180º. Represent the angles as 2x and 3x. 2x + 3x = 180 and 5x = 180 therefore x = 36.
BE CAREFUL!! The question asked for the smaller angle (2x). 2x = 72.' |
| A. 20% B. 22.5% C. 27.5% D. 32% Three-fourths is 75%. So, 75% of the fruits are peaches.
Of the remaining 25%, one-tenth are plums. So, 2.5% of the fruits are plums.
Now, 100 - 75 - 2.5 = 22.5. So, 22.5% of the fruits are apples.
Here, it is better to work in terms of percents rather than fractions. |
| A. 10 B. 12.5 C. 15 D. There is no median value. Arrange the values into ascending order: 5, 5, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 20, 25
Since both 10 and 15 fall in the middle, the median is the average of these two values. (10+15)/2=12.5 |
| A. 5/2 B. -5/2 C. 2/5 D. -2/5 4x = 2x -5
Subtract 2x from each side.
2x = -5
Divide each side by 2.
x = -5/2 |
| A. 9 B. 30 C. 36 D. 54 This is relatively simple. Look among the answer choices for numbers not divisible by 6. |
| A. 362,880 B. 120 C. 24 D. 6 (9-4)!=5!=5•4•3•2•1=120 |
| A. 1:2 B. 1:4 C. 1:8 D. 1:16 If two figures are similar, the ratio of their areas is the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. |
| A. m = 3, b = -2 B. m = -2, b = -3 C. m = 1, b = -4 D. m = 3, b = -4 |
| A. 3cd/40 B. 7cd/100 C. cd/750 D. 15cd/100 Manufacturing Cost = (d dolls/hour) (c cents/doll)
= cd cents/hour = cd/100 $/hr.
Now, 7 hours and 30 minutes = 7 1/2 hours = 15/2 hours.
Total Manufacturing Cost = (cd/100 $/hr) (15/2 hr) = 15cd/200 $ = 3cd/40 $. |
| A. None B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 The Pythagorean Theorem is used to help find side lengths. Since there are 3 sides in a triangle there are 3 variables to work with in the Theorem. |
| A. 8 B. 11.7 C. 12 D. 13.6 Use the Pythagorean Theorem c²=a²+b² |
| A. I only. B. II only. C. I and II only. D. III only. Adding the equations gives 2x = 15 or x = 7.5. So, x > 5 (II is true). Substituting x = 7.5 gives z - y = 2.5. So, z > y (I is false). There are no further conditions on y. So, III is not necessarily true. |
| A. 10 B. 85 C. 105 D. 190 If you got this question wrong, you either misread it or forgot the correct order of operations. Solve what’s inside the parentheses first. Translating the information to an equation, we’d get the following:
(1 + 2)(2 + 3)(3 + 4) = 1/2(20 + x)
(3)(5)(7) = 1/2(20 + x)
105 = 1/2(20 + x)
210 = 20 + x
190 = x |
| A. x2 - 5x2 + 9x - 5 B. x3 - 5x2 + 9x - 5 C. x3 - 5x3 + 9x - 5 D. x2 - 5x3 + 9x - 5 |
| A. Released into the wild. B. Caged for next years pigeon shoot. C. Sold to the local grocer. D. Sent to Schuylkill County. As the article states in lines 7-8, “and the birds that are not shot are released into the wild.” |
| A. Cruelty to animals. B. The infection of the food chain. C. The spread of disease. D. The right to bare arms. As the article states in lines 1-5, “Today, The Fund for Animals received a letter from Dr. Gordon Stull, a veterinarian who has treated rescued birds at the Hegins pigeon shoot for the last four years, raising concerns over the epidemic of Avian Influenza in Pennsylvania and the fact that the conditions of birds at the pigeon shoot are ripe for spreading this disease to poultry or humans.” |
| A. Samuel Hayes. B. Tom Ridge. C. Heidi Prescott. D. Gordon Stull. As the article states in lines 8-9, “to Secretary of Agriculture Samuel Hayes.” |
| A. When they started taking the drug. B. When they stopped taking the drug. C. When they took the drug on a full stomach. D. When they took the drug on an empty stomach. As the article states in lines 6-8, “The people have come forward following news of a legal case in the US in which 35 people allege they suffered severe side-effects when they tried to stop taking the drug.” |
| A. Offer counseling. B. Offer a full refund. C. Deny they made the drug. D. Deny the drug causes dependency. As the article states in lines 18-19, “GSK say there is no reliable scientific evidence that the drug causes addiction or dependency.” |
| A. Wirral. B. London. C. Cardiff. D. Los Angeles. As the article states in lines 10-11, “The Los Angeles law firm Baum, Hedlund, Aristei, Guilford and Schiavo which filed its action against the British manufacturers GlaxoSmithKline in September.” |
| A. Vertigo. B. Agitation. C. Addiction. D. Confusion. As the article states in lines 11-12, “has since had more than 2,000 calls from people to tell of their addiction to the drug.” |
| A. GSK. B. Paxil. C. Wirral. D. Seroxat. As the article states in lines 12-13, “which is known in the US as Paxil.” |
| A. This new system. B. Health insurance card. C. Central computer system. D. PC in the doctor’s office. As the article states in lines 9-10, “The introduction of the health insurance card in Germany will improve the technological environment in the doctor's practices.” |
| A. Doctor. B. Patient. C. Pharmacist. D. Health Insurance Company. As the article states in lines 18-19, “The Doctor will use his physician smartcard to compute the digital signature.” This is followed by step 2, “The prescription information will be written to the patient’s smart card.” Realize that without the doctor’s initial signature this process could not start. |
| A. Prescription is filled. B. Lower costs in healthcare. C. The privacy of the patient is maintained. D. The Health Insurance Company keeps a record. As the article states in lines 29-30, “Remember, the actual prescription filled is the most important part of this system.” |
| A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. None. As the article states in lines 25-26, “The patient gets therefore two representation forms of the prescription, the electronic form and the paper form.” |
| A. Paper documents are hard to process. B. Paper documents take a long time to process. C. Paper documents can be expensive to process. D. All of the above. As the article states in lines 6-7, “Since the prescription is a paper document, the processing is difficult, time-consuming and cost-intensive.” |
| A. Mercury. B. Ammonia. C. Chlorine. D. Formaldehyde. As the article states in lines 15-17, “Furthermore, ammonia is a highly toxic chemical that is present in numerous cleaning products; window cleaner is only one of them.” |
| A. EPA. B. OSHA. C. State of Massachusetts. D. No one. As the article states in lines 7-8, “EPA only addresses concerns with outdoor air quality.” |
| A. EPA. B. OSHA. C. State of Massachusetts. D. No one. As the article states in lines 8-9, “We virtually have no protection from governmental agencies with regard to the products that we consume.” |
| A. Elderly. B. Infants. C. Chronically ill. D. All the above. As the article states in lines 13-14, “They state that it mostly affects infants, elderly, and chronically ill by weakening the immune system.” |
| A. EPA. B. Bioaccumulation. C. State of Massachusetts. D. The American Lung Association. As the article states in lines 19-20, “A 30 year Bioaccumulation study has concluded that toxic chemicals store in your body for life.” |
| A. British Government. B. British Medical Journal. C. Group of British Scientists. D. Boston University School of Medicine. As the article states in lines 5-7, “In 1998 a group of British scientists said the MMR vaccine for childhood diseases measles, mumps and rubella may cause new strains of bowel disorders, which may then be followed by the developmental disorder autism.” |
| A. Parents. B. Children. C. Children with autism. D. Both B and C. As the article states in lines 5-7, “In 1998 a group of British scientists said the MMR vaccine for childhood diseases measles, mumps and rubella may cause new strains of bowel disorders, which may then be followed by the developmental disorder autism.” |
| A. British Government. B. British Medical Journal. C. Group of British Scientists. D. Boston University School of Medicine. As the article states in lines 17-22, “Scientists at the Boston University School of Medicine in the United States examined patient records of children in Britain born after 1988.They "found no increase in a history of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, coeliac disease, food intolerance, or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms among children with autism compared with those without autism," they wrote.” |
| A. Mumps. B. Rubella. C. Measles. D. All of the above. As the article states in lines 7-10, “That research created a political outcry in Britain, where some parents have refused to take their children for the MMR vaccine despite government recommendations, leading to outbreaks of measles.” |
| A. Mumps. B. Rubella. C. Measles. D. All of the above. As the article states in lines 5-6, “In 1998 a group of British scientists said the MMR vaccine for childhood diseases measles, mumps and rubella.” |
| A. Darwin didn’t understand evolution. B. Darwin didn’t have the proper tools. C. Darwin didn’t understand creationism. D. Darwin didn’t use fossils like the author. As the article states in lines 26-28, “In the times of Darwin there was practically no other possibility to study evolution other than researching the existent species and fossils and theorizing. Now times are different.” |
| A. A model. B. Chemicals. C. Antibiotics. D. Animal subjects. As the article states in lines 21-24, “The beauty of our hypothesis is that it could be checked experimentally by changing slightly the model of interaction between the species and the killer chemicals, by looking at it from different angle thus revealing a pattern concealed until now.” |
| A. Nature. B. Bacteria. C. Evolution. D. Antibiotics. As the article states in lines 12-13, “Nature shows us very explicitly how effectively and amazingly quickly species protect themselves from being eliminated.” |
| A. States bacteria mutates very quickly. B. He questions the origin of the “fittest”. C. He believes that someone or something must control the mutations. D. All of the above. As the article states in lines 15-16, “Well, survival of the fittest sounds logical, but where do those fittest come from in the first place and what or who directs their so amazingly "convenient" mutations?” |
| A. God. B. Evolution. C. A third option. D. None of the above. As the article states in lines 17-18, “If they are not random and God does not guide them, then there should be quite rational explanation of the third way evolution happens.” |
| A. Council. B. Parliament. C. European Commission. D. Both A and B. As the article states in lines 16-18, “Both the Parliament and the Council shall have the right to initiate legislation.” |
| A. It will lose popular support. B. Will become merely a free trade zone. C. Will not be able to provide security to its citizens. D. All of the above. As the article states in lines 4-7, “The Union will lose the support of the citizens and will inevitably be transformed into a mere free trade area, incapable of guaranteeing the security of Europeans, of affirming Europe's role in the World and of guaranteeing its own survival in the face of nationalism's resurgence.” |
| A. The European Parliament. B. Members of the Commission. C. Ministers with portfolios. D. The President of the Commission. As the article states in lines 25-26, “The President of the Commission shall appoint members of the Commission.” |
| A. Economic and monetary Unity. B. To make the EU more democratic. C. Wish to add more countries to the union. D. All of the above. As the article states in lines 1-4, “The drive to enlarge the Union and the beginning of Economic and Monetary Union makes it dramatically urgent to reform radically the institutions in order to make the Union democratic, close to the citizens and capable of action.” |
| A. European Community. B. European Parliament. C. European Commission. D. Both B and C. As the article states in line 10, “prepare it adopt the following reforms: On the European Parliament.” and as the article states in line 12, “On the European Commission.” |
| A. 53 B. 82 C. 85 D. 90 As the article states in lines 14-15, “Our mother is 82 and a medical wonder.” |
| A. He jogs. B. Genetics. C. He eats well. D. He takes vitamins. As the article states in lines 18-20, “He has run a hard 20 to 25 miles a week for 15 the past 25 years and he attributes his good health to his running.
” |
| A. Fruit. B. Junk food. C. Fruit Juice. D. Vegetables. As the article states in lines 18-20, “She usually only eats one meal a day and then it's mainly junk and takes no vitamin supplements.” |
| A. Fruit. B. Vitamins. C. Fruit Juice. D. Vegetables. As the article states in lines 7-8, “No vegetables or fruit whatsoever, albeit he does drink 12 ozs of OJ and 12 ozs of 100% grape juice daily.” |
| A. Diet. B. Genetics. C. Junk food. D. Vitamins and supplements. As the article states in lines 2-3, “However, in reality, doesn't it all boil down to good genetics?” |
| A. Nothing. B. Weight gain. C. Weight loss. D. A higher BMI. As the article states in lines 14-15, “When the man stops eating burgers, his weight slowly returns to a steady state at his lean BMI.” |
| A. Obesity. B. Diabetes. C. A lower BMI. D. Poor eating behavior. As the article states in lines 12-14, “The disease mechanism appears to be eating behavior. Certainly, the weight gain results from energy intake transiently exceeding energy output. Yet the resemblance to obesity is imprecise.” |
| A. Obesity. B. Diabetes. C. Hypertension. D. Both B and C. As the article states in lines 6-9, “BMI … has now risen from 23 to 27, a value at which diabetes, hypertension, and other unhealthful conditions are indisputably more prevalent than in leaner people.” |
| A. Not eating. B. Diet pills only. C. Low calorie diet only. D. Low calorie diet and diet pills. As the article states in lines 16-18, “a low-calorie diet, only 5% of subjects achieved a 20% weight loss. Use of dexfenfluramine as well as diet enabled 9% to achieve it.” |
| A. Body mass Index. B. Scale to determine weight. C. Body weight divided by the square of his height. D. Both A and C. As the article states in lines 6-7, “Unfortunately, the man's body mass index, or BMI (his body weight, in kilograms, divided by the square of his height, in meters).” |
| A. PM didn’t wish to name the crop. B. The new crop is only 4 times more productive in yield. C. PM didn’t wish to inaugurate the harvesting of the crop. D. PM didn’t wish to be involved with the development of the crop. As the article states in lines 19-21, “had also requested him to suggest the name of the new variety as "Fakhr-i-Pakistan". But he declined.” |
| A. 22.5 million tons. B. 76 million tons. C. 80 million tons. D. 760 million tons. As the article states in lines 11-12, “"tons based on the current total 22.5 million tons.” |
| A. It could become an exporter of wheat. B. It could become an importer of wheat. C. It could become an exporter of maize. D. It could become an importer of maize. As the article states in lines 7-8, “turn Pakistan into a net exporter of wheat instead of remaining a chronic importer.” |
| A. Sindh Abadga. B. Nawaz Sharif. C. Fakhr-i-Pakistan. D. Abdul Hamid Sheikh. As the article states in lines 19-20, “"had also requested him to suggest the name of the new variety as "Fakhr-i-Pakistan".” |
| A. Grain. B. Maize. C. Indian wheat. D. Pakistani wheat. As the article states in lines 3-4, “this remarkably high-yielding indigenous variety of wheat.” |
| A. 1.00 M B. 2.00 M C. 3.00 M D. 4.00 M Molarity
Step 1: find the moles of solute using the formula:
mass of solute (g) divided by formula mass of solute
Step 2: divide the moles of solute by volume of solution in liters M / V.
Or if you know the moles of solute,
Molarity = moles of solute divided by volume of solution in liters . KF has a formula mass of 39 + 19 or 58 g/mole. Since 116 grams are given, 116g / 58g/mole = 2 moles of solute.
To find the Molarity, take 2 moles of solute and divide by 1 L of solution.
2 moles / 1 L = 2.00 M solution |
| A. The I- ion is oxidized, and its oxidation number increases. B. The I- ion is oxidized, and its oxidation number decreases. C. The I- ion is reduced, and its oxidation number increases. D. The I- ion is reduced, and its oxidation number decreases. First, determine what happens to the I- ion. On the left side of the equation, the I ion is negatively charged. On the right side of the equation, the I ion is neutral. The I ion lost its negative charge by losing an electron. By definition oxidation occurs when electrons are lost .The ion becomes more positive (has a higher oxidation state). Pretend electrons are dollars. If you lose a dollar, you have less money. If you find a dollar or are given one, you no longer have a negative cash flow. You can also look at the half reaction of the I- ion:
2I-(aq) -> I2(s) + 2 e-:
each I- ion loses an electron, increasing its oxidation number from -1 to 0. |
| A. The carbon atom in a carbonium ion has only 6 electrons. B. The stability of a carbonium ion is increased by charge dispersal. C. Carbonium ions can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. D. A primary carbonium ion forms more easily than a tertiary carbonium ion. Carbonium ions are atoms that contain a carbon atom with only six electrons. They are classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary ions, as in the classification of the organic alcohols. Since the stability of a carbonium ion is greatly increased by charge dispersal, a tertiary carbonium ion, which has three alkyl groups, is more stable than a secondary carbonium ion, which has two alkyl groups. The more stable the carbonium ion, the more easily it is formed. |
| A. Ethane and ethanol. B. Methanol and methanal. C. 1-propanol and 2-propanol. D. Methanoic acid and ethanoic acid. By definition isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Choice 3 compounds have the same molecular formula but the -OH group is located on the first or second carbon atoms. The other choices do not have the same molecular formulas. |
| A. CH B. CH2 C. CH3 D. CH4 Step 1: change percent to grams.
Step 2: find out how many moles you have of C and H by: 86 g / 12 g per mole of C = 7 moles of C; 14 / 1 g per mole H = 14 moles of H.
Step 3: find the ratio of moles of C and H to each other: 14 / 7 is 2.
In other words there are 2 H moles for every C mole or CH2. This is the empirical formula. |
| A. Saponification. B. Neutralization. C. Polymerization. D. Oxidation-reduction. When certain metals combine with oxygen in the air, a metallic oxide results. Iron oxide is commonly called rust. Other metals such as copper also oxidize. (The Statue of Liberty in NY Harbor was not always green). The term oxidation-reduction is used to describe the addition-removal of oxygen. Oxidation is the process by which a substance loses one or more electrons. |
| A. 1 mOsm. B. 2 mOsm. C. 3 mOsm. D. 4 mOsm. The total number of particles in a solution affects osmotic pressure. If we assume complete dissociation, 1 mole of sodium chloride is composed of 2 mOsm of total particles (ie., Na+ and Cl-). |
| A. It permits the migration of ions. B. It prevents the migration of electrons. C. It permits the two solutions to mix completely. D. It prevents the reaction from occurring spontaneously. In oxidation-reduction reactions, ions need to migrate. A salt bridge is a U-shaped tube that acts as a porous barrier between two half cells. It prevents the solutions from mixing but allows the ions to move (migrate) from one half cell to the other. This keeps the half cells neutral. If the solutions mixed, neutrality would not be maintained in the half cells and the reaction would stop. |
| A. Atoms in triple bonds are not free to rotate. B. Atoms in double bonds are not free to rotate. C. Atoms in a ring are free to rotate around their bonds. D. Atoms connected by single bonds rotate around the bond. Atoms in double or triple bonded systems are rigid and not free to rotate around these bonds. Furthermore, ring systems have aromatic character, and the atoms in these systems are also not free to rotate around their bonds. Only atoms connected by single bonds rotate around their signal bonds. |
| A. Liter of solution. B. Kilogram of solution. C. Kilometer of solution. D. Kiloliter of solution. Molarity (M) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. |
| A. 113 g B. 121 g C. 149 g D. 404 g Find the formula mass in grams. N =14 x 3 = 42 g; H =1 x 4 x 3 = 12 g; P=31 x 1=31; O =16 x 4 = 64 g.
Total is 42 + 12 + 31 + 64 or 149 g. |
| A. X is 10°C and Y is 5°C. B. X is 20°C and Y is 20°C. C. X is 25°C and Y is 30°C. D. X is -25°C and Y is -10°C. Heat flow is always from high temperature to low temperature. Watch out for negative numbers. In choice 4, Y is warmer than X and heat would flow from Y to X (not what the question asks). |
| A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 10 Correctly balancing the equation requires several steps.
First write the half reactions:
Cr3+ + 3e- -> Cr and Mg -> Mg2+ + 2 e-
Remember electrons lost must equal electrons gained
2 (Cr3+ + 3e- -> Cr ) equals 6 e- gained; 3( Mg -> Mg2+ + 2 e- ) equals 6 e- lost.
Last step: add the half reactions and ignore the electrons :
3Mg + 2 Cr3+ -> 3Mg2+ + 2Cr
3 plus 2 plus 3 plus 2 = 10 |
| A. 2.81 g B. 14.1 g C. 22.4 g D. 63.3 g Remember at STP a mole of gas occupies 22.4 liters. Density = mass / volume
or M = D x V
Substitute: 0.63 g for mass and multiply by 22.4 L to find the answer.
0.63 g x 22.4 L = 14.1 g |
| A. High-energy X rays. B. Very short wavelength. C. Travel at the speed of light. D. Deflected by electric fields. Gamma rays are high-energy X rays of very short wavelength that travel with the speed of light. Gamma rays they have no electrical charge, magnetic or electrical fields. Therefore they are not deflected by electric fields. |
| A. 12.8°C B. 14.5°C C. 18°C D. 100°C When the vapor pressure of water is 101.3 kPa, the temperature is 100°C. When the atmospheric pressure above a liquid equals its vapor pressure, the liquid will boil. If the vapor pressure was 50 kPa, water would boil at about 82°C. |
| A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Because carbon has 4 valence electrons, it can form 4 shared (covalent) bonds.
Refer to the Periodic Table for the number of valence electrons in the element carbon. |
| A. nitric acid. B. nitrite acid. C. nitrate acid. D. nitrous acid. HNO2 is nitrous acid. |
| A. The dissolving of only salt B was exothermic. B. The dissolving of only salt A was endothermic. C. The dissolving of both salt A and salt B was endothermic. D. he dissolving of salt A was exothermic and the dissolving of salt B was endothermic. First eliminate answer 3: temp. of salt A increased and temp. of salt B decreased. Both salts did not react the same way.
Exothermic reactions give off heat--this causes temperatures to rise.
Endothermic reactions absorb heat--this causes temperatures to fall.
The temperature of salt A increased (exothermic reaction) while the temperature of salt B decreased (endothermic reaction). |
| A. 2.3 g B. 23.0 g C. 23.017 g D. 23.02 g Rule: when adding measurements, the number of decimal places in the sum (answer) is the same as the number of decimal places in the least precise measurement. The least precise measurement was measured to hundredths of a g (12.85 and 3.38).
Therefore the sum of the numbers cannot be more precise than this. |
| A. 0.035 joules B. 0.35 joules C. 3,500 joules D. 35,000 joules Kilo means 103 or 1000.
35 x 1000 = 35,000 joules. |
| A. square. B. pyramid. C. rectangle. D. tetrahedron. Organic compounds are three dimensional and CH4 has 4 equivalent single bonds. Tetra means 4. |
| A. 1 mole of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution. B. 2 moles of solute dissolved in 3 liters of solution. C. 6 moles of solute dissolved in 4 liters of solution. D. 4 moles of solute dissolved in 8 liters of solution. Find the molarity (moles of solute/liter of solution) for each answer.
#1) 1 mole / 1 liter or 1 M.
#2) 2 moles / 3 liters or 0.67 M.
#3) 6 moles / 4 liters or 1.5 M.
#4) 4 moles / 8 liters or 0.5 M.
Ans. #3 (1.5 M. ) is the most concentrated. |
| A. Barium. B. Calcium. C. Magnesium. D. Phosphorus. Gypsum is made up of sulfate salts of calcium. |
| A. Silver ammonia ion. B. Oxidation of an aldehyde. C. Reduction of an acid to aldehyde. D. Reduction of silver ion to free silver. Tollen's reagent contains [Ag(NH3)2]+, which is the silver ammonium ion. Oxidation of an aldehyde to an acid is accompanied by the formation of a silver mirror. The latter is the result of the reduction of the soluble silver ion to yield free silver metal. |
| A. 67 g B. 99 g C. 106 g D. 138 g Find the formula mass in grams. K =39 x 2 = 78 g; C =12 x 1 = 12 g; O =16 x 3 = 48 g. Total is 78 + 12 + 48 or 138 g. |
| A. Vodka. B. 95% alcohol. C. Water-free alcohol. D. A mixture of 50 parts of alcohol to water. 100% alcohol (or 200 proof alcohol) or water-free alcohol is absolute alcohol. Absolute alcohol absorbs various amounts of water from the atmosphere and must be stored accordingly. Absolute is a type of vodka but that is a name brand and has little to do with chemistry. |
| A. It is nontoxic. B. It is denser than air. C. It is a colorless gas. D. It has the odor of rotten eggs. Hydrogen sulfide gas not only is denser than air, smells awful, and has no color, but also is extremely toxic. |
| A. PO. B. PO2. C. P2O5. D. P8O20v. Take P4O10 and reduce it to the smallest whole number ratio of atoms. In math this would be called reducing to lowest terms. P4O10 reduced by 2 equals P2O5. |
| A. Pb. B. PbO2. C. SO42-. D. 2H2O. At the anode Pb is oxidized to PbSO4 and the oxidation number of Pb changes from 0 to +2. This happens when the battery is discharging. |
| A. Loss of atoms. B. Atomic fusion. C. Atomic fission. D. Both fusion and fission. Atomic fusion is the process of combining atoms to form elements of higher atomic weight. Often large amounts of energy is released during this process. Meanwhile, atomic fission is the process of splitting an atomic nucleus. This results in the release of large amounts of energy as well. |
| A. MgSO2 B. NaHCO3 C. Na3CO2 D. Na2B3O5 Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). |
| A. 5. B. 6. C. 8. D. 11. The number of protons is the same as the atomic number. There are 5 protons so the atomic number is also 5. |
| A. It dissolves in alcohol. B. It forms a violet-colored gas. C. Its crystals are a metallic gray. D. It reacts with hydrogen to form a gas. While all the answers are true for iodine, only choice 4 describes a chemical property. The other choices are physical properties. |
| A. sp orbitals. B. sp1 orbitals. C. sp2 orbitals. D. sp3 orbitals. Ammonia has the formula NH3. Nitrogen uses four sp3 orbitals in forming this molecule; they are directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron, with one orbital containing a pair of electrons. The other three each contain a single electron. |
| A. CH3OH. B. CH3OCH3. C. CH3COOH. D. CH3COOCH3. CH3COOH is found almost in the center of the table. It does help to remember that organic acids end in COOH and alcohols have OH near the end of the word. |
| A. 0.625 mol B. 1.625 mol C. 6.25 mol D. 16.25 mol One mole of sodium hydroxide equals 40g. dissolved in 1 liter of solution. A 5 M (molar) solution would be 5 X 40 g. of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1 liter of solution. Therefore, 125 mil. of this solution would contain (125 X 5 X 40) / 1,000 of sodium hydroxide. Now divide (125 X 5 X 40)g. / 1,000 by 40 g./mole. to come up with the answer of 0.625 mole. |
| A. loses protons. B. gains protons. C. acts as a reducing agent. D. acts as an oxidizing agent. Eliminate choice 1 and 2 because electrons not protons are lost or gained in oxidation-reduction reactions. Oxidation is a loss of electrons and these electrons are gained by a second substance (reduction). The oxidized substance causes reduction to occur. In other words, it is the reducing agent.
Hint: Reducing agents cause oxidation (loss of e-); oxidizing agents cause reduction. Reducing diets cause weight to be lost. |
| A. a neutron and a gamma ray. B. a gamma ray and a beta particle. C. an alpha particle and a neutron. D. an alpha particle and a beta particle. Gamma rays are pure energy so you can eliminate answers 1 and 2. Only charged particles can have their kinetic energy increased in a particle accelerator. (Electric and magnetic fields are used to speed up the particles and these field have no effect on uncharged particles). Neutrons have no charge so only alpha particles and beta particles will be affected. |
| A. 1s2s42p3 B. 1s22s22p4 C. 1s22s22p6 D. 1s22s22p8 Oxygen has eight electrons and its orbitals are filled according to a ls22s22p4 electronic configuration. |
| A. Methane is commonly known as marsh gas. B. Methane is important in addition reactions. C. Methane is explosive when combined with air. D. Methane is a major component of natural gas. Methane is the simplest saturated hydrocarbon in the alkane series. Due to methane's saturated character, it is not important in addition reactions. |
| A. 7, 000. B. 15, 813. C. 23, 352. D. 158, 130. The heat of vaporization for water is 2259 J/g.
Multiply heat of vaporization by the grams to find the calories absorbed in vaporizing water.
70 g x 2259 J/g = 158, 130 J. |
| A. Iodine and bromine. B. Iodine and fluorine. C. Chlorine and bromine. D. Chlorine and fluorine. Iodine is a solid and bromine is a liquid. The gaseous halogens are chlorine and fluorine. |
| A. decreases. B. increases. C. remains the same. D. none of the above. Since the pressure is decreased, the volume will increase.
Another way to look at the problem: at constant temperature volume is inversely related to pressure (Boyle Law). |
| A. The amount of products is equal to the amount of reactants. B. The amount of products is greater than the amount of reactants. C. The rate of the forward reaction is greater than the rate of the reverse reaction. D. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to than the rate of the reverse reaction. Equilibrium means equal reaction rates. Choices 2 and 3 are "greater than", not "equal to" and choice #1 does not mention reaction rates. Only choice 4 states "equal reaction rates." A system in equilibrium can have unequal amounts of product and reactants; or it could have equal amounts of product and reactants. Equal reaction rates, however, are necessary for dynamic equilibrium to result. |
| A. Oxygen burns in its own. B. Oxygen supports combustion. C. Air contains roughly 20% oxygen. D. Oxygen is an odorless and colorless gas. While oxygen gas is combustible it does not burn on its own. |
| A. HgO2 B. Hg2O C. Hg2O3 D. Hg3O2 Mercury forms bivalent mercuric (Hg2+) and bivalent mercurous (Hg2 2+) compounds. These are formed even though mercury has a valence of 2 and 1. Mercurous oxide is Hg2O. |
| A. Electrolytic. B. Electroplating. C. Electromagnetic. D. Electrochemical. Electrochemical cells do what their names suggests: they make electricity from chemicals stored in the cell by redox reactions. A battery is a great example of this. The chemicals are stored in the cell until you complete the connection (turn on the flashlight, boom box, or car). Choices 1 and 3 use electricity for electrolysis and plating metal on objects (gold and silver plating). Electromagnetic usually refers to electric and magnetic fields oscillating at right angles to each other. |
| A. lower the acidity. B. lower the basicity. C. higher the acidity. D. None of the above. pH value will tell us the strength of an acid or base. A higher pH will tell us that the substance is less acidic and more basic than one with a lower pH value. |
| A. Acid. B. Ester. C. Ketone. D. Protein. Proteins are composed of amino acids (monomers) joined into long chains. |
| A. a neutron. B. an electron. C. a beta particle. D. an alpha particle. A proton has the same mass as a neutron. An electron has the same mass as a beta particle. An alpha particle has a mass of 4: two protons plus two neutrons. |
| A. Silicon. B. Sulfur. C. Nitrogen. D. Chlorine. Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. The greater the ability to attract, the higher the electronegativity. Chlorine has the highest electronegativity of the choices given. |
| A. Neon. B. Silver. C. Sulfur. D. Nitrogen. The best conductors of electricity are metals. Silver is a metal, the others are nonmetals. |
| A. Neon. B. Sulfur. C. Sodium. D. Nitrogen. Elements that lose electrons form positive ions that are smaller than atoms of the same element. Therefore the ionic radius of these ions is smaller than its atomic radius. Only choice 3, sodium, is a metal that will lose electrons. Neon is stable and will neither lose nor gain electrons. N and S will tend to gain electrons, each having a larger ionic radius than atomic radius. |
| A. 1 molecule of water and 2 molecule of oxygen. B. 2 molecules of water and 1 molecules of oxygen. C. 2 molecules of water and 2 molecules of oxygen. D. 3 molecules of water and 3 molecules of oxygen. Peroxide means that it contains one more oxygen atom than normally. Two molecules of hydrogen peroxide decompose yielding two molecules of water and one molecule of oxygen.
2H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2. |
| A. 8 % B. 10 % C. 15 % D. 30 % Per cent of error is found by subtracting the accepted value from the calculated value, dividing by the accepted value and then multiplying by 100.
Calculated value - accepted value / accepted value x 100 =
366.9 - 333.6 / 333.6 x 100 = 33.3 / 333.6 x 100 = 10%
|
| A. Ni3+ B. Ni2+ C. Cd D. Cd2+ The NiCd battery is a rechargeable battery used in cordless appliances and tools. During discharge the Cdo is oxidized to form Cd2+. Cd loses 2 electrons to become positively charged. Remember in oxidation atoms lose (or seem to lose) electrons. |
| A. This change increases the concentration of the reactant. B. This change increases the density of the reactant particles. C. This change exposes more reactant particles to a possible collision. D. This change alters the electrical conductivity of the reactant particles. Reaction rate is affected by nature and concentration of reactants, temperature, surface area and a catalyst. Increasing surface area exposes more particles to contact with reactants, increasing the number of particle collisions. Imagine a cube of chocolate 3 feet by 4 feet and 2 inches thick. Take the same block and make it into a 24 candy bars. A class of chemistry students could eat the bars faster than the single chocolate block. |
| A. Hydrogen sulfide. B. Hydrogen sulfate. C. Ammonium sulfide. D. Ammonium sulfate. Only two different kinds of atoms make up a binary compound. Hydrogen sulfate has 3 kinds of atoms (H, S, O). Ammonium sulfate has 3 kinds (N, H, S). Ammonium sulfate has 4 kinds (N, H, S, O). |
| A. Proton. B. Neutron. C. Beta particle. D. Alpha particle. Only charged particles can be accelerated in a magnetic field. A neutron does not have a charge. |
| A. Active transport. B. Passive diffusion. C. Facilitated diffusion. D. None of the above. Passive diffusion involves the transfer of a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without a carrier. Meanwhile, active transport and facilitated diffusion both require carriers that combine with the transported substance. |
| A. causes increased production of hydrochloric acid. B. regulates breathing rate by its effect on the medulla. C. causes inflammation of the tissues of the bronchial tubes. D. regulates gastric acid production by forming carbonic acid. The medulla oblongata at the base of the brain increases breathing rate if the amount of carbon dioxide increases. It does not regulate breathing rate by checking oxygen content. |
| A. an increase in the sewage content of the lake. B. a decrease in the amount of phosphates in the lake. C. an increase in the amount of PCB pollution in the lake. D. a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the lake. Discharging hot water into a lake is called thermal pollution. Besides the effect on the living organisms, warm water holds less oxygen than cool water. |
| A. Blue. B. Green. C. Yellow. D. Orange. Plants reflect green color because that wavelength of light is least usable. Blue and red wavelengths of light are the best for photosynthesis, and are therefore seen the least in plants. |
| A. water. B. starches. C. nucleic acids. D. carbon dioxide. Starch is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucoses, which is what is released for energy. None of the other choices contain that energy. |
| A. Albumin. B. Fibrinogen. C. Hemoglobin. D. Gammaglobulin. Albumin (~5 g./100 ml. of plasma) is the plasma protein most responsible for the osmotic pressure. |
| A. a zygote is formed. B. cleavage has occurred. C. pollination has occurred. D. a diploid nucleus is formed. In plant sexual reproduction, pollination (the transfer of pollen to the stigma of the pistil) occurs before the pollen grain germinates (grows) down to the ovary where the ovule (egg cell) is found. Then when the pollen grain reaches the ovule, fertilization occurs. |
| A. Thiamine. B. Fructose. C. Fatty acids. D. Amino acids. Bile salts are necessary for the proper digestion of fats. Bile salts emulsify fat globules and render the end products of fat digestion soluble for more efficient absorption. |
| A. transfer RNA B. ribosomal RNA C. messenger RNA D. None of the above Messenger RNA transfers genetic information from the nucleus by forming a complex with the ribosomes (composed largely of ribosomal RNA) of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. |
| A. plasma. B. platelets. C. pinocytic red blood cells. D. phagocytic white blood cells. Phagocytic white blood cells engulf bacteria much like an ameba engulfs paramecium. They are involved in our second line of defense against harmful pathogens. The first line is protective barriers meant to prevent the pathogens from entering our body such as skin, tears, and mucus. If the phagocytes can't destroy all bacteria, then the third line of defense goes into action, namely our immune system, where antibodies are made to fight the invading pathogen. |
| A. Increased sweating. B. Increased heart rate. C. Constriction of pupils. D. Increased blood pressure. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system increases the heart rate, sweating, and blood pressure and dilates the pupils of the eyes. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system produces opposite effects, that is, decreases the heart rate, sweating and blood pressure, as well as constriction of the pupils. |
| A. A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes is diploid. B. The nucleus of a cell contains DNA and is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. C. The Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and the majority of chromatin are found in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus. D. None of the above Chromatin is composed of DNA and protein and is found primarily in the nucleus. |
| A. DNA and ATP. B. chitin and starch. C. proteins and lipids. D. nucleotides and amino acids. Singer proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane in which the cell membrane consists of a double lipid layer with proteins embedded in it to act as name tags or to aid in movement of larger molecules across the membrane. DNA is the hereditary information stored in the nucleus and ATP is the energy capturing molecule found throughout the cell. Chitin and starch are large carbohydrates and nucleotides make up DNA while amino acids are the tiniest proteins. |
| A. Meiosis. B. Mitosis. C. Hypnosis. D. Karyokinesis. Meiosis occurs during the formation of eggs or sperm, where a pair of cell divisions result in gametes with only half the number of chromosomes (haploid) as the other cells of the body. When two gametes unite in fertilization, the fusion of their nuclei reconstitutes the diploid number of chromosomes. |
| A. Water. B. Glucose. C. Oxygen gas. D. Sodium chloride. Organic means that the molecule contains carbon bonded to hydrogen. Only glucose, whose molecular formula is C6H12O6, has this. Although most cells also have an abundant amount of water (H2O) it is inorganic, as is sodium chloride (NaCl) and oxygen gas (O2). |
| A. Ultracentrifuge. B. Electron microscope. C. Dissecting microscope. D. Microdissection instrument. The dissecting microscope allows you to view 3D images up to 50x magnification. It is commonly used in dissections. The ultracentrifuge spins liquids and separates the contents by their density, microdissection instruments are used to manipulate microscopic organelles (such as transferring nuclei), and electron microscopes can magnify an image up to 250,000x and are used to see microscopic details. |
| A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active transport. D. passive transport. Diffusion, passive transport and osmosis are examples of movement that does not require cellular energy. Since sodium ions are pumped against the concentration gradient, it requires work and is called active transport. |
| A. Isotonic B. Hypotonic C. Hypertonic D. Iso-osmotic Hypertonic solutions have a greater salt, or electrolyte, concentration than do red blood cells. Therefore, water leaves blood cells and enters the hypertonic solution, causing the red blood cells to shrink. Both isotonic and iso-osmotic solutions will have no effect on the red blood cells. A hypo-tonic solution will cause water to enter the red blood cells because of their higher electrolyte concentration and cause the cells to swell. |
| A. an allele. B. a genotype. C. a phenotype. D. a chromosome. A genotype is the actual genetic makeup that is expresses in a phenotype. An allele is a gene located at a specific location on corresponding homologous chromosomes. |
| A. The rate of lymph flow is similar to that of the circulation B. The lymphatic system plays an important role in the immune process C. Lymph nodes produce one type of white blood cells, known as lymphocytes D. The lymphatic system is an auxiliary system for return of fluid from the tissue spaces to the circulation The rate of lymph flow is much slower (~100 ml./hr.) than blood flow (~5 liters/min.) in humans and most animal species. |
| A. Tubular secretion. B. Tubular sublimation. C. Tubular reabsorption. D. Glomerular filtration. The process by which the kidney removes most of the waste products from the blood by pure filtration through the glomerular membrane is known as glomerular filtration. Hydrogen ions undergo tubular secretion into the glomerular filtrate, whereas substances such as glucose, amino acids, and potassium ions are actively reabsorbed by the tubular membrane. Sublimation is a physical change from the solid directly to the gaseous state, and does not apply to the kidney or any other organ. |
| A. must be ingested. B. function only within cells. C. are products of cell synthesis. D. do not contain the element nitrogen. Enzymes and hormones must be made within cells, or synthesized (not ingested). They are large proteins so they, in fact, do contain nitrogen. They are secreted outside of the cells and are used in digestive organs (enzymes) or travel through the blood to affect other body parts (hormones). |
| A. Heart. B. Spleen. C. Kidneys. D. Pancreas. The kidneys remove waste products from the human body. |
| A. zygote. B. cotyledon. C. polyploid cell. D. monoploid cell. A monoploid cell is a cell with half the normal number of chromosomes, these are gametes. Fusing two of these together restores the normal number of chromosomes in fertilization. A cotyledon is part of a seed and a polyploid cell is a cell with more than the normal number of chromosomes. |
| A. the nervous system, only. B. the endocrine system, only. C. both the nervous and endocrine systems. D. neither the nervous nor the endocrine system. Homeostasis, maintaining a stable, internal environment, is controlled by nerves (in animals) and hormones, or chemical regulators in all living organisms. |
| A. complex inorganic compounds. B. high-energy inorganic compounds. C. small, soluble organic molecules. D. large, insoluble organic molecules. Digestion involves breaking down organic compounds into smaller, soluble (able to be dissolved in water) organic molecules, such as glucose. |
| A. Brain. B. Heart. C. Liver. D. Lungs. The brain does not store glucose as glycogen and must receive all its energy from glucose in the blood. Thus, a rapid decrease in blood glucose immediately deprives the brain of the energy source it requires for normal function. |
| A. Fructose. B. Glucose. C. Glycogen. D. Galactose. Fructose, glucose, and galactose are all simple sugars derived from hydrolytic cleavage of polysaccharides and double sugars. These simple sugars are then readily absorbed from the digestive tract. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the different cells of the body. |
| A. Albumin. B. Globulin. C. Fibrinogen. D. Immunoglobin. Albumin (~5 g./100 ml. of plasma) is approximately 2.5 times more abundant than globulin (2g. / 100 ml. of plasma). Fibrinogen and immunoglobulins are present in small amounts compared to albumin. |
| A. bound to hemoglobin. B. bound to plasma proteins. C. dissolved in plasma water. D. None of the above. The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood depends largely on the amount of hemoglobin present in the red blood cell. |
| A. colon B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine The small intestine has the largest surface area and carries out most of the specialized transport mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract. |
| A. production of lactic acid. B. combination of glucose molecules. C. release of energy by hydrogen removal. D. storage of energy in glycogen molecules. Enzymes are proteins that change the rate of reaction. In this case, enzymes are necessary to break down glucose at a faster rate than would occur naturally, as glucose is a very stable molecule. By breaking the glucose molecule apart, energy is released when hydrogen atoms are taken off. |
| A. Grafting and hybridization. B. Regeneration and incubation. C. Artificial selection and inbreeding. D. Vegetative propagation and binary fission. A chicken born without feathers was originally a mutation but farmers liked the idea since they wouldn't have to pluck them then. So when the non feathered chicken appeared they purposely bred it (called artificial selection) and when any non feathered offspring were bred together (inbreeding) to produce a whole new variety of chicken. |
| A. sodium B. copper C. calcium D. potassium Copper is considered a trace element that is necessary for the normal metabolism of the body. Sodium, potassium, and calcium are major elements vital to the healthy body. |
| A. They are larger than egg cells. B. They contain the monoploid number of chromosomes. C. They are diploid as a result of mitotic division. D. They are genetically identical to the primary sex cells. When a primary sex cell undergoes meiosis, 4 unique monoploid cells are formed. Sperm cells are much smaller than egg cells, although they both go through the process of meiosis, because all 4 sperm cells divide equally and are viable, while egg cells divide unequally, leaving the smaller polar bodies to die. |
| A. sodium B. calcium C. potassium D. magnesium Potassium is the most abundant electrolyte inside the cell (intracellular fluid). |
| A. Shrubs. B. Weeds. C. Lichens. D. Pioneer trees. A lichen is an example of a pioneer organism, one of the first organisms to inhabit an area. Succession on land usually starts with lichen on bare rock, which will build up soil, allowing weeds to grow. The weeds soon get crowded out by the shrubs, which then get overpowered by the trees. |
| A. 1:3 B. 1:4 C. 3:1 D. 4:1 Four viable sperm cells are produced from one primary sex cell, whereby only one viable egg cell is produced, due to the unequal division of cytoplasm and the formation of polar bodies, which wither and die. |
| A. AO x BB B. AA x BO C. AB x OO D. AO x BO To get a child with blood type O, each parent must contribute the recessive blood type allele, O, as indicated in the forth cross. |
| A. Urea. B. Glucose. C. Creatinine. D. All of the above. Urea and creatinine normally pass through the kidney in the glomerular filtrate. Meanwhile, normally all the glucose in the glomerular filtrate is actively reabsorbed by the kidney in the normal individual. |
| A. Motile gametes. B. External development. C. Internal fertilization. D. External fertilization. Most vertebrate animals that live on land have an adaptation that allows internal fertilization, whereby the male penis inserts sperm directly in the female body. This is advantageous since sperm need liquid to swim and the moist female reproductive tract provides this. Aquatic vertebrate animals live in water so sperm can easily be deposited in the water and swim to the female reproductive tract. |
| A. Setae. B. Spindles. C. Chromosomes. D. Centromeres. Asexual reproduction if performed by mitosis. The centromeres are cylindrical organelles found in animal cells to direct the movement of the chromosomes to the poles, the spindles act as tracks for the chromosomes to travel along, and the chromosomes are the pieces of DNA that are separating and moving to opposite poles to make two new cells. Setae are hair like bristles found on the segments of an earthworm to aid in locomotion. |
| A. 44 + XY B. 44 + XX C. 22 + Y D. 22 + X A sex cell contains half the number of chromosomes so that when it combines with another sex cell, the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes is restored. Autosomes are all of the chromosomes found in a cell except for the sex cells. A normal female body cell contains 44 autosomes and two X-chromosomes. A normal female sex cell contains half of that. |
| A. Sodium influx into the cell. B. Sodium efflux out of the cell. C. Potassium influx into the cell. D. Potassium efflux out of the cell. A large efflux of potassium (K+) our of the cell results in a fall in electrical potential within the cell. Potassium, in high concentration intracellularly, easily leaves the cell, whereas sodium in high concentration extracellulary, will not diffuse out of the cell rapidly. |
| A. maintenance of homeostasis. B. an acquired characteristic. C. an antigen-antibody reaction. D. environmental factors affecting phenotype. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable, internal environment. In trying to keep a body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, if your body heats up due to exercise, sweating cools your body temperature by allowing heat to escape through your pores when the sweat evaporates. |
| A. Transport. B. Synthesis. C. Respiration. D. Reproduction. Synthesis means building up molecules, reproduction involves making new individuals, and respiration is the process of obtaining energy stored within food. Transport involves getting materials to and from cells or organisms and moving them within the cell or organism. |
| A. materials cycles. B. pioneer organisms. C. more animals than plants. D. equal numbers of plants and animals. If an ecosystem is to be self-sustaining, materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen must be able to recycle between the organisms. |
| A. Fermentation. B. Photosynthesis. C. Aerobic respiration. D. Dehydration synthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of making organic food (glucose) by combining the hydrogen from water with carbon dioxide. The oxygen from splitting water is released into the atmosphere. Aerobic respiration takes in the oxygen from the atmosphere, dehydration synthesis is a mechanism of building up molecules by removing water, not oxygen, and fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration which is done in the absence of oxygen. |
| A. liver. B. alveoli. C. trachea. D. kidneys. The air sacs in the lungs are called alveoli. They are the respiratory surface of humans where the exchange of oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood. |
| A. hormones. B. neurohumors. C. gastric juice. D. lachrymal fluid. Hormones are chemical regulators that control many activities in animals, including metamorphosis of tadpoles into frogs and caterpillars into butterflies. |
| A. fission. B. ovulation. C. regeneration. D. nondisjunction. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction whereby a cell (such as an Ameba) replicates its DNA and splits its DNA and cytoplasm equally. Regeneration is also a type of asexual reproduction but is performed by simple multicellular animals such as lobsters and flatworms. Ovulation is the release of an egg to be used in sexual reproduction and nondisjunction is when the chromosomes split unequally in sexual reproduction. |
| A. Mutualism. B. Parasitism. C. Commensalism. D. Protocooperation. Beneficial associations or interactions between two species of animals include commensalism, mutualism and predation. |
| A. liver B. bone C. brain D. skeletal muscle Under basal conditions, the liver receives about 35% of the total cardiac output, whereas the brain and skeletal muscle receive about 15%. The bone is relatively nonvascularized and receives on 5% of the total blood flow. |
| A. Pellagra. B. Beriberi. C. Hypertension. D. Sickle-cell anemia. Sickle-cell anemia is a condition where homozygous recessive genes are necessary for full development of the disease. If an individual has heterozygous recessive genes for the disease, that individual only shows sickle-cell trait, but not the fully developed disease. |
| A. a vein. B. an artery. C. a lacteal. D. a capillary. Arteries are under much greater pressure than veins because they are carrying blood away from the heart which is the pumping machine to force blood to move to all of the body. Every time the hear contracts, it can be felt in an artery where a surge of blood has just been forced. A capillary is too small to feel a pulse and a lacteal is part of the lymphatic system found in the small intestine. |
| A. Contraction, latent, relaxation, refractory. B. Refractory, contraction, latent, relaxation. C. Latent, contraction, relaxation, refractory. D. Latent, refractory, contraction, relaxation. A single muscle twitch is caused by an initiating action potential; however, there is a latent period after the generation of the action potential and initiation of the muscle twitch. After the latent period, the muscle contracts and then relaxes, followed by a refractory period in which the muscle will not respond to another action potential. |
| A. Bb B. BC C. bb D. bc We all possess 2 genes for every trait that are located on homologous chromosomes. A homozygous genotype means that an individual has the same genes for a particular trait on the homologous chromosomes. We represent genes as letters and for any one trait we must use the same letter, a capital letter meaning the dominant gene while a lower case letter meaning a recessive gene. |
| A. water loss. B. surface area. C. food production. D. fungus resistance. The cuticle is the waxy covering on the surface of a leaf that prevents water from evaporating. It does not change the size, or surface area of the leaf. Food production might actually decrease without a cuticle since water is necessary for photosynthesis. The cuticle may also help to resist fungus' so by removing it you would be decreasing the fungus resistance. |
| A. obdurate B. querulous C. recalcitrant D. precocious Precocious: Manifesting or characterized by unusually early development or maturity, especially in mental aptitude. |
| A. boorish B. suspicious C. equivocate D. condescending DEADLY and PERNICIOUS are synonyms. CHURLISH and boorish are also synonyms which describes someone who is vulgar and rude. |
| A. ships B. wagons C. pilgrims D. musicians A caravan of travelers signifies humans moving together in a procession. A similar relationship exists in the case of a cavalcade of pilgrims. |
| A. inconsequential B. interminable C. unintelligible D. evanescent Interminable: Being or seeming to be without an end; endless. |
| A. virtuous B. faithful C. inclusive D. fanatical MISERLY describes a person who is extremely THRIFTY , or frugal. Similarly, fanatical is an extreme form of being ENTHUSIASTIC . |
| A. feature of - attract B. attraction of - intimidate C. drawback of - daunt D. highlight of - stimulate Drawback of: A disadvantage or inconvenience.
Daunt: To abate the courage of; discourage. |
| A. destroyed by B. teeming with C. improved by D. devoid of Teeming with: pouring out. |
| A. ennui B. ethics C. altruism D. effervescence DISHEARTENED means without HOPE. Likewise, AMORAL means without ETHICS. Note, AMORAL does not mean immoral. If you commit an AMORAL act, you are not aware that you actions are unethical; whereas if you commit an immoral act, then you realize that your actions are wrong. |
| A. right - acceptance B. domicile - ridicule C. domain - approbation D. prerogative - opposition Prerogative: An exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group, especially a hereditary or official right.
Opposition: Placement opposite to or in contrast with another. |
| A. disguise B. diversion C. uneasiness D. contentment A CURTSY (bow) is a sign of REVERENCE. Similarly, FIDGETING is a sign of UNEASINESS. |
| A. hero B. mendicant C. pessimist D. misanthrope Just as pusillanimous (or faint-hearted) is an adjective applicable to a dastard (or a coward), impecunious (or without money) is an adjective applicable to a mendicant (or a beggar). |
| A. point B. plug C. knife D. magazine One of many common uses for water is to bathe (wash). Similarly, one of many common uses for a knife is to spread. For example, you can use a butter knife to spread butter. |
| A. apathy B. privacy C. randomness D. togetherness COMPOSURE and EQUANIMITY are synonyms describing a calm or peaceful state of mind, as SOLITUDE and privacy are synonyms describing the state of being along or separate from others. |
| A. indispensable - relinquish B. insubordinate - retain C. slighted - truncate D. irreplaceable - assume Indispensable: Not to be dispensed with; essential.
Relinquish: To retire from; give up or abandon. |
| A. wrench B. invoice C. overalls D. refrigerator As a CARPENTER uses a HAMMER as a primary tool, a PLUMBER uses a wrench. |
| A. easel B. mineral C. agreement D. infirmary A sculptor works in an atelier (or studio). Similarly, a physician works in an infirmary (or hospital). |
| A. diligent B. unyielding C. indifferent D. incorrigible Something that is PERPLEXING is difficult to explain, or inexplicable. EXPLICABLE describes something that can be explained. Thus, these two words are antonyms (opposites). Someone who is zealous cares very strongly about something. In contrast, someone who is indifferent does not care. |
| A. heretics - sagacity B. optimists - tremulousness C. skeptics - exaltation D. pessimists - futility Pessimists: A tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view.
Futility: The quality of having no useful result; uselessness. |
| A. awful B. powerful C. sorrowful D. talkative Libidinous and lustful are synonyms. Dolorous and sorrowful are also synonyms. |
| A. asinine - diligent B. unorthodox - heretical C. dependable - assiduous D. meticulous - unreliable Meticulous: Extremely careful and precise.
Unreliable: Marked by or exhibiting a lack of reliability. |
| A. obliteration B. proliferation C. paucity D. diminution Proliferation: To grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring. |
| A. defunct B. renovating C. resurgent D. extant Defunct: Having ceased to exist or live. |
| A. lionized B. decried C. abhorred D. attacked Lionized: To look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity. |
| A. chaste B. landmark C. mainland D. restrained Dissolute (meaning "loose in morals") and continent (meaning "restrained") are antonyms. |
| A. tame B. proud C. limber D. repentant An effective, or ideal, judge is impartial (not biased toward or against either side). Similarly, an ideal acrobat is limber (flexible). |
| A. facts B. chapters C. transport D. parallels A thesaurus may be used to look up synonyms. Similarly, an encyclopedia may be used to look up facts. |
| A. calm B. rural C. prosaic D. sophisticated Urbane and suave are synonyms meaning "refined and courteous." Similarly, pedestrian and prosaic are synonyms meaning "dull and unimaginative." |
| A. ambles B. rages C. trudges D. edges Rages: A burning desire; a passion. |
| A. anger B. whisper C. snicker D. circumlocution FROWN implies knitting the brows to express DISAPPROBATION (or disapproval). GLOWER implies scowling to express anger. |
| A. tertiary B. subordinate C. pivotal D. key SECONDARY (one occupying a subordinate or auxiliary position rather than that of a principal). Subordinate (one that is placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position). |
| A. glory B. effect C. religion D. character Just as defection means abandonment of a cause, apostasy means abandonment of one's religion. |
| A. harmonious B. pugilistic C. tempestuous D. sympathetic The relationship here is one of antonyms. BELLICOSE means war-like, while PACIFIC means peace-loving. CACOPHONOUS describes jarring, discordant sound and harmonious describes pleasing sounds. |
| A. altercation - clarification B. asceticism - indulgence C. polemics - conciliation D. ambiguities - consolation Polemics: A person engaged in or inclined to controversy, argument, or refutation.
Conciliation: To overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease. |
| A. obscure B. appease C. preserve D. criticize To ratify is to approve or make legitimate or legal. Something illicit is by definition illegitimate or illegal. Thus, ratifying something makes it the opposite of illicit. Similarly, to appease is to pacify or make content, which is the opposite of belligerent (hostile or antagonistic). |
| A. penance B. testify C. obscenity D. infraction The word filter is used as a verb. When you use a filter, an impurity is removed, so you filter to remove an impurity. The word expurgate means to censor, to remove obscenities — you expurgate to remove an obscenity. |
| A. recall B. treatise C. heartbeat D. manifestation A MNEMONIC functions to aid MEMORY. Similarly, a PACEMAKER aids in the regulation of one's HEARTBEAT. |
| A. artless B. assiduous C. incongruous D. Deleterious INNOCUOUS and HARMLESS are synonyms. Similarly, INGENUOUS and artless are synonyms. |
| A. bird B. tree C. snake D. camel The relationship here is one of part to whole. The epidermis (skin) covers a human completely. A snake is covered completely in scales. |
| A. seas B. lawns C. ponds D. fields Sand is the main constituent of deserts and grass is the main constituent of lawns. |
| A. payment B. weight C. artist D. recipient A BEQUEST is money or goods left to one's heirs. A GIFT is given to a recipient. |
| A. stop B. sever C. delete D. exponentiate A CARET (^) is an editing symbol that indicates where a word should be INSERTED. Similarly, a PERIOD is a grammatical symbol indicating a STOP. |
| A. engine B. mortar C. plastic D. cordite A PENCIL uses GRAPHITE to work (write) while GUNPOWDER uses cordite in order to work. |
| A. salvaged - required B. preserved - visible C. decimated - enshrouded D. modified - apparent Modified: To change in form or character; alter.
Apparent: Readily understood; clear or obvious. |
| A. indefinitely - diminishes B. forever - increases C. eternally - alleviates D. erratically - mitigates Indefinitely: Lacking precise limits.
Diminishes: To make smaller or less or to cause to appear so. |
| A. blasphemy B. generosity C. benediction D. quintessence A philanthropist, being a lover of mankind, is characterized by his benevolence. In the same way, an altruist being interested in helping others is characterized by his generosity. |
| A. jobs B. books C. profits D. conflict An employee works for wages. Similarly, an entrepreneur works for profits. |
| A. worthwhile - valueless B. germane - relevant C. abstruse - incomprehensible D. stimulating - interesting Abstruse: Difficult to understand; recondite.
Incomprehensible: Difficult or impossible to understand or comprehend. |
| A. endangered - disputed B. pervasive - intact C. growing - unquestioned D. rife - suspect Rife: In widespread existence, practice, or use; increasingly prevalent.
Suspect: To think (a person) guilty without proof: |
| A. disarray - pleasantries B. tranquility - invectives C. mayhem - banter D. anarchy - insults Anarchy: Absence of any form of political authority.
Insults: To give offense; offend. |
| A. ores B. rust C. rocks D. plastics Corrosion of metals is analogous to erosion of rocks because both involve wearing away of materials. |
| A. pedant B. unctuous C. courteous D. accepting The relationship here is not just one of opposites; it is characteristic of persons. Pedant is a dry, boring teacher who certainly would never be charismatic. |
| A. opera B. court C. stage D. orchestra Histrionic means "suitable for acting or the theater." Similarly, forensic means "suitable to debate or a court of law." |
| A. skin B. ears C. bones D. brain The relationship here is about doctors and what they specialize in. The ophthalmologist treats disorders of the eyes and the dermatologist treats diseases of the skin. |
| A. snow B. storm C. shower D. impulsive A BLIZZARD is a blinding snowstorm, and is an extreme case of a FLURRY of snow. A DOWNPOUR is a heavy rainfall, and is an extreme case of a shower of rain. |
| A. deter B. batter C. threats D. platitudes The act of BLANDISHMENT is to COAX by flattery. To COMPEL is to COAX someone using threats and force. |
| A. dancer B. caprice C. enthusiast D. imaginary WALLFLOWER (One who does not participate in the activity at a social event because of shyness or unpopularity), dancer (To move rhythmically usually to music, using prescribed or improvised steps and gestures). |
| A. similar B. renowned C. squeamish D. plentiful Captious (meaning "fault-finding") and tolerant are antonyms. Notorious (meaning "known unfavorably") and renowned are also antonyms. |
| A. paper B. refuge C. trifles D. avalanche By definition, a coffer is a container in which to store valuables. Similarly, a SANCTUARY is by definition a place of REFUGE. |
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